The structure and function of the brain develops at an astonishing rate during the first 1,000 days of life, and nutrition has been shown to play a key role in this process. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)—a complex 3-layer membrane structure found in human milk—contains key lipids and proteins that play a role in supporting early neurodevelopment. Understanding the science, structure, and evidence supporting the neurodevelopmental benefits of MFGM is important for all clinicians and researchers interested in supporting cognitive outcomes in formula-fed infants.